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Lesson 22 of 50 · 写真を撮った 人・待っている 人 · みんなの日本語 第22課 · N5

Reading:

Episode 22: The Man Who

Mini Story

Description is a spy’s blade. Not “the man” — “the man who took the photographs.” Not “the room” — “the room where the meeting was held.” To name a person precisely is to mark them.描写,是间谍的刀刃。不是「那个男人」,而是「拍了照片的那个男人」。不是「那个房间」,而是「开过会的那个房间」。精确地叫出一个人,就是给那个人做上记号。描寫,是間諜的刀刃。不是「那個男人」,而是「拍了照片的那個男人」。不是「那個房間」,而是「開過會的那個房間」。精確地叫出一個人,就是給那個人做上記號。Miêu tả là lưỡi dao của điệp viên. Không phải “người đàn ông” — mà là “người đàn ông đã chụp những bức ảnh”. Không phải “căn phòng” — mà là “căn phòng nơi cuộc họp diễn ra”. Gọi tên một người thật chính xác, tức là đánh dấu người đó.

A call from an old colleague. A question about a face in a recent file.一个旧同事打来电话。问的是最近一份档案里的一张脸。一個舊同事打來電話。問的是最近一份檔案裡的一張臉。Một cuộc gọi từ đồng nghiệp cũ. Câu hỏi về một gương mặt trong hồ sơ gần đây.

写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって いますか?

Through the one-way mirror, Mike watches a figure sitting alone. The handler wants an identification.隔着单向玻璃,麦克看着一个独自坐着的人影。上级要他辨认。隔著單向玻璃,麥克看著一個獨自坐著的人影。上級要他辨認。Qua tấm gương một chiều, Mike nhìn một bóng người ngồi một mình. Người chỉ huy muốn anh nhận diện.

あの 部屋へやheyamaって いる ひとhitoだれdareですか?

On the table, today’s harvest. Eight photographs. Each means something different. One means everything.桌上,是今天的收获。八张照片。每一张的意义都不同。有一张,意味着一切。桌上,是今天的收穫。八張照片。每一張的意義都不同。有一張,意味著一切。Trên bàn, thành quả hôm nay. Tám tấm ảnh. Mỗi tấm mang một ý nghĩa khác nhau. Có một tấm, mang ý nghĩa của tất cả.

マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin大切たいせつtaisetsuです。

The corridor lights go out. Mike thinks of the friend who left this life. Who got out — and lives now without secrets.走廊的灯灭了。麦克想起那个离开了这种生活的朋友。脱身了,如今活得没有秘密。走廊的燈滅了。麥克想起那個離開了這種生活的朋友。脫身了,如今活得沒有祕密。Đèn hành lang tắt. Mike nghĩ về người bạn đã rời bỏ cuộc sống này. Đã thoát ra — và giờ sống không còn bí mật nào.

仕事しごとshigotoを やめた 友達ともだちtomodachiaいたいです。


Key Sentences

note 「が」 inside the clause.

1. V-た N (the man who did X)

写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって いますか?

  • Do you know the man who took the photos?
  • 你知道拍照的那个男人吗? / 你知道拍照的那個男人嗎?
  • Bạn có biết người đàn ông đã chụp ảnh không?

2. V-て いる N (the person who is V-ing)

あの 部屋へやheyamaって いる ひとhitoだれdareですか?

  • Who is the person waiting in that room?
  • 在那个房间等着的人是谁? / 在那個房間等著的人是誰?
  • Người đang chờ trong phòng đó là ai?

3. N1 が V-た N2 (the photos N1 took)

マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin大切たいせつtaisetsuです。

  • The photos Mike took are important.
  • 麦克拍的照片很重要。 / 麥克拍的照片很重要。
  • Ảnh mà Mike chụp rất quan trọng.

4. V-た N に aいたい (want to meet the X who)

仕事しごとshigotoを やめた 友達ともだちtomodachiaいたいです。

  • I want to meet the friend who quit work.
  • 我想见辞职的朋友。 / 我想見辭職的朋友。
  • Tôi muốn gặp người bạn đã nghỉ việc.

Practice out loud

Say the answer before you look. The same sentences you just read — now from your own mouth.

Show
HQ

写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって いますか。

Mike

はい、shiって います。

HQ

あの 部屋へやheyamaって いる ひとhitoは だれですか。

Mike

マイクの 友達ともだちtomodachiです。

HQ

眼鏡めがねmeganeを かけて いる ひとhitoは マイクですか。

Mike

いいえ、マイクじゃありません。帽子ぼうしboushiを かぶって いる ひとhitoが マイクです。

HQ

マイクは だれに aいたいですか。

Mike

仕事しごとshigotoを やめた 友達ともだちtomodachiaいたいです。

Now about you
HQ

あなたが uまれた まちmachiは どこですか。

You

your own answer

HQ

いまima tsuて いる シャツは どこで kaいましたか。

You

your own answer

Green — HQ asks you. Blue — Mike answers. Dashed — your turn.


Vocabulary

日本語English简体繁體Tiếng Việt
普通形ふつうけいfutsuukei + N
写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって いますか。
noun-modifying clause
Do you know the man who took the photos?
修饰名词的句子
你认识拍照片的那个男人吗?
修飾名詞的句子
你認識拍照片的那個男人嗎?
mệnh đề bổ nghĩa
Bạn có biết người đàn ông đã chụp những tấm ảnh không?
shiって いる
あの 部屋へやheyaに いる ひとhitoshiって います。
know (state)
I know the person in that room.
知道
我认识那个房间里的人。
知道
我認識那個房間裡的人。
biết
Tôi biết người ở trong phòng đó.
shiらない
わたしが shiらない ひとhitoです。
do not know
It is someone I don't know.
不知道
是我不认识的人。
不知道
是我不認識的人。
không biết
Đó là người tôi không biết.
suんで いる
京都きょうとkyoutosuんで いる ひとhitoですか。
live in (state)
Is he the person living in Kyoto?

是住在京都的那个人吗?

是住在京都的那個人嗎?
sống
Có phải là người sống ở Kyoto không?
はたらhataraいて いる
銀行ぎんこうginkouはたらhataraいて いる 友達ともだちtomodachiです。
work at (state)
It's my friend who works at a bank.
工作
是在银行工作的朋友。
工作
是在銀行工作的朋友。
làm việc
Là người bạn làm việc ở ngân hàng.
aいます
仕事しごとshigotoを やめた 友達ともだちtomodachiaいたいです。
meet
I want to see the friend who quit her job.

我想见那个辞了职的朋友。

我想見那個辭了職的朋友。
gặp
Tôi muốn gặp người bạn đã nghỉ việc.
uまれます
わたしが uまれた まちmachiちいchiiさいです。
be born
The town where I was born is small.
出生
我出生的城市很小。
出生
我出生的城市很小。
sinh ra
Thị trấn nơi tôi sinh ra thì nhỏ.
そだsodaちます
わたしが そだsodaった まちmachiしずshizuかでした。
grow up
The town where I grew up was quiet.
长大
我长大的城市很安静。
長大
我長大的城市很安靜。
lớn lên
Thị trấn nơi tôi lớn lên rất yên tĩnh.
大切たいせつtaisetsu
マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin大切たいせつtaisetsuです。
important
The photos Mike took are precious.
重要
麦克拍的照片很重要。
重要
麥克拍的照片很重要。
quan trọng
Những tấm ảnh Mike chụp rất quý.
場所ばしょbasho
ここは 大切たいせつtaisetsu場所ばしょbashoです。
place
This is an important place.
地方
这是个重要的地方。
地方
這是個重要的地方。
nơi
Đây là nơi quan trọng.
時間じかんjikan
友達ともだちtomodachia時間じかんjikanおしoshiえてください。
time
Please tell me the time we're meeting.
时间
请告诉我见面的时间。
時間
請告訴我見面的時間。
thời gian
Xin cho tôi biết giờ gặp nhau.

Grammar Patterns

V-た / V-る / V-て いる + N

Use plain form verb directly before a noun to describe it. No の between them.

N1 が V-た N2

If the verb has a subject, mark it with 「が」 inside the clause — NOT 「は」.

い-adj + N / な-adj な + N (review)

Adjectives can be the modifier too — same direct attachment for い-adj, add な for な-adj.

Modified noun = subject / object

The modified noun can be the subject or object of the main sentence. 「マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashinは ...」 = the photos (object of took) ARE the subject of the main clause.

Grammar Picture

Describing a noun with a whole clause [clause that describes the noun] 写真を 撮った (plain form, no は ── が or omission) 男の人 (noun being described) Pattern 1 — Past action describing a person: 写真を 撮った 男の人 "the man who took the photo" Pattern 2 — Continuing action: 電車で 行く "a person who goes by train" Inside the clause: • plain form • は becomes が (or dropped) • subject changes context
  • 名詞noun名词danh từ
  • 述語sentence ending句尾句尾phần cuối câu
が, not は, inside the clause

This is the most common mistake. Inside a noun-modifying clause, the subject of the inner clause MUST take 「が」.

  • OK: マイク toった 写真しゃしんshashin = the photos Mike took
  • NOT OK: マイク toった 写真しゃしんshashin (wrong — は is for the outer topic, not inside the clause)

Outside the clause (main sentence topic), 「は」 returns:
マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin 大切たいせつtaisetsuです。 = The photos Mike took ARE important.

Verb tense in the modifier

The tense in the modifying clause is independent of the main sentence:

  • 写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって います。 = (I) know the man who took photos. (past + present)
  • 写真しゃしんshashintoおとこotokoひとhitoshiって います。 = (I) know the man who takes photos. (present + present)
  • 写真しゃしんshashintoって いる おとこotokoひとhitoshiって います。 = (I) know the man who is taking photos. (progressive + present)
Adjective + noun is the same pattern

The same direct attachment used for adjectives + noun (L8) extends to clauses + noun.

  • おおooきい カメラ (い-adj + N)
  • しずshizuかな 部屋へやheya (な-adj + N)
  • マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin (clause + N)

One unified rule: in Japanese, modifiers come BEFORE the noun they describe. No relative pronouns ('that', 'which', 'who'). Just stack them.


Roleplay Practice

describe 5 things around you with modifier clauses.

Scene: A colleague asks Mike to identify someone in a photo.

Colleague: マイク、 きのう aった おとこotokoひとhitoshiって いますか?
(Mike, do you know the man we met yesterday?)

Mike: はい、 shiって います。 写真しゃしんshashintoった ひとhitoですね。
(Yes, I know him. He is the one who took the photos, right?)

Colleague: 京都きょうとkyoutosuんで いる ひとhitoですか?
(Is he the person living in Kyoto?)

Mike: はい、 そうです。
(Yes, that is right.)


How do you say this in Japanese?

Q1. Which is correct: 'the man who took photos'?

  • A. 写真しゃしんshashintoった おとこotokoひとhito
  • B. 写真しゃしんshashintoったの おとこotokoひとhito
  • C. 写真しゃしんshashintoおとこotokoひとhito
Show answer

✓ A. Plain form directly before the noun. No の.

Q2. Inside a noun-modifying clause, the subject takes:

  • A. は
  • B. が
  • C. を
Show answer

✓ B. が

「マイクが toった 写真しゃしんshashin」 — が inside the clause.

Q3. 「maって いる ひとhito」 means:

  • A. the person who waited
  • B. the person who is waiting
  • C. the person who will wait
Show answer

✓ B. V-て いる N = the N who is V-ing.

Q4. In the Mini Story, the friend Mike wants to meet:

  • A. lives in Kyoto
  • B. quit the (spy) work
  • C. is dead
Show answer

✓ B. quit the work

仕事しごとshigotoを やめた 友達ともだちtomodachi」 = the friend who quit work.

Q5. Write: Describe a person you know using a noun-modifying clause.

Try V-た N or V-て いる N.

Show answer

Samples:

  • 日本語にほんごnihongoおしoshiえて いる 先生せんせいsensei (the teacher who teaches Japanese)
  • 京都きょうとkyoutosuんで いる 友達ともだちtomodachi (the friend who lives in Kyoto)

How to Use This Lesson

Read the sections in the order they appear. About 40 minutes.
Tomorrow, come back and say the Key Sentences again — that is where it sticks.

For Teachers

For Teachers (45-60 minutes in class)

  • Warm-up (5 min): Identify people in a photo: 「眼鏡めがねmeganeを かけて いる ひとhito」「コーヒーを noんで いる ひとhito」.
  • が drill (10 min): Convert は to が when inside a relative clause. Highlight this rule.
  • Stacking practice (10 min): Take two simple sentences and merge into one with a modifier clause.
  • Description chain (10 min): One student names a thing; next adds a modifier; next stacks another. Build longer phrases.
  • Roleplay (15 min): Police identification / dating site profile — practice descriptions.
  • Check Yourself (5-10 min).

Common pitfall: 「マイクは toった 写真しゃしんshashin」 — wrong. Reinforce「が」 inside the clause.

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← Lesson 21 | Midnight Encounter | Lesson 23 →

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