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Lesson 11 of 50 · 〜枚・〜人・〜時間 · みんなの日本語 第11課 · N5

Reading:

Episode 11: Counting the Cost

Mini Story

notice how numbers carry meaning.

Mike counts. Every spy counts — how many photographs, how many contacts, how many hours of sleep, how many days left. Numbers are the one truth that does not lie.麦克在数。每个间谍都在数——照片有几张,联络人有几个,睡了几个小时,还剩几天。数字,是不会说谎的真实。麥克在數。每個間諜都在數——照片有幾張,聯絡人有幾個,睡了幾個小時,還剩幾天。數字,是不會說謊的真實。Mike đếm. Điệp viên nào cũng đếm — bao nhiêu tấm ảnh, bao nhiêu đầu mối, bao nhiêu giờ ngủ, còn lại bao nhiêu ngày. Những con số là thứ sự thật không biết nói dối.

He sits at the desk. Spread on it, the morning’s harvest — the building, the entrance, the truck that arrived at 4:05.他在桌前坐下。桌上摊着早晨的收获——那栋楼的照片、入口、4点05分到达的卡车。他在桌前坐下。桌上攤著早晨的收穫——那棟樓的照片、入口、4點05分到達的卡車。Anh ngồi xuống bàn. Trải trên đó là thành quả của buổi sáng — những tấm ảnh toà nhà, lối vào, chiếc xe tải đến lúc 4 giờ 05.

写真しゃしんshashingoまいmai あります。

The camera he planted in the empty office saw it clearly. Black suits, careful steps, men without faces.装在空办公室里的那台相机,拍得清清楚楚。黑色西装,谨慎的步子,没有脸的人。裝在空辦公室裡的那台相機,拍得清清楚楚。黑色西裝,謹慎的步子,沒有臉的人。Chiếc máy ảnh gài trong văn phòng trống đã thấy rất rõ. Những bộ vest đen, những bước chân thận trọng, những kẻ không có gương mặt.

部屋へやheyaおとこotokoひとhito二人ふたりfutari います。

His own schedule is merciless. Three hours of sleep. Twenty-one hours awake. The body adapts — or it does not.他自己的日程很残酷。睡三个小时。醒二十一个小时。身体会适应,或者不会。他自己的行程很殘酷。睡三個小時。醒二十一個小時。身體會適應,或者不會。Lịch trình của chính anh thì khắc nghiệt. Ngủ ba tiếng. Thức hai mươi mốt tiếng. Cơ thể hoặc thích nghi, hoặc không.

マイクは 一日いちにちichinichiさんsan時間じかんjikan neます。

In two weeks, the cover expires. Two weeks to finish the work. Two weeks to vanish.再过两个星期,伪装就要失效。两个星期,把工作做完。两个星期,消失。再過兩個星期,偽裝就要失效。兩個星期,把工作做完。兩個星期,消失。Hai tuần nữa, vỏ bọc sẽ hết hạn. Hai tuần, để xong việc. Hai tuần, để biến mất.

マイクは ni週間しゅうかんshuukan 東京とうきょうtoukyouに います。


Key Sentences

say each aloud, vary the number.

1. Number + Counter — flat objects (5 photos)

写真しゃしんshashingoまいmai あります。

  • There are 5 photographs.
  • 有5张照片。 / 有5張照片。
  • Có 5 tấm ảnh.

2. Number + Counter — people (2 men)

部屋へやheyaおとこotokoひとhito二人ふたりfutari います。

  • There are 2 men in the room.
  • 房间里有2个男人。 / 房間裡有2個男人。
  • Trong phòng có 2 người đàn ông.

3. Period に Quantity 動詞どうしdoushi — frequency / duration per unit

マイクは 一日いちにちichinichiさんsan時間じかんjikan neます。

  • Mike sleeps 3 hours a day.
  • 麦克一天睡3个小时。 / 麥克一天睡3個小時。
  • Mike ngủ 3 tiếng một ngày.

4. Duration + 場所ばしょbashoに います — staying for a period

マイクは ni週間しゅうかんshuukan 東京とうきょうtoukyouに います。

  • Mike is in Tokyo for 2 weeks.
  • 麦克在东京2个星期。 / 麥克在東京2個星期。
  • Mike ở Tokyo 2 tuần.

Practice out loud

Say the answer before you look. The same sentences you just read — now from your own mouth.

Show
HQ

写真しゃしんshashin何枚なんまいnanmai ありますか。

Mike

写真しゃしんshashin五枚ごまいgomai あります。

HQ

部屋へやheyaおとこotokoひとhito何人なんにんnannin いますか。

Mike

おとこotokoひとhito二人ふたりfutari います。

HQ

マイクは 一日いちにちichinichi何時間なんじかんnanjikan neますか。

Mike

一日いちにちichinichi三時間さんじかんsanjikan neます。

HQ

マイクは 一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukan 東京とうきょうtoukyouに いますか。

Mike

いいえ、一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukanじゃありません。二週間にしゅうかんnishuukan 東京とうきょうtoukyouに います。

Now about you
HQ

あなたは 一日いちにちichinichi何時間なんじかんnanjikan neますか。

You

your own answer

HQ

兄弟きょうだいkyoudai何人なんにんnannin いますか。

You

your own answer

Green — HQ asks you. Blue — Mike answers. Dashed — your turn.


Vocabulary

drill irregular readings (一人ひとりhitori ひとり, 二人ふたりfutari ふたり).

日本語English简体繁體Tiếng Việt
〜つ
りんごを みっmitsukaいます。
general counter (1-10)
I will buy three apples.

我买三个苹果。

我買三個蘋果。
cái
Tôi mua ba quả táo.
まいmai
写真しゃしんshashin五枚ごまいgomai あります。
flat objects (paper, tickets)
There are five photos.

有五张照片。

有五張照片。
tờ, tấm
Có năm tấm ảnh.
ほんhon
ペンを 二本にほんnihon kaいました。
long thin objects (pens, bottles)
I bought two pens.
支 / 瓶
我买了两支笔。
支 / 瓶
我買了兩支筆。
cây, chai
Tôi đã mua hai cây bút.
にんnin
部屋へやheyaおとこotokoひとhito二人ふたりfutari います。
people
There are two men in the room.

房间里有两个男人。

房間裡有兩個男人。
người
Trong phòng có hai người đàn ông.
だいdai
カメラが 二台にだいnidai あります。
machines (cars, computers)
There are two cameras.

有两台相机。

有兩台相機。
chiếc
Có hai chiếc máy ảnh.
かいkai
一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukan二回にかいnikai 会社かいしゃkaishaiきます。
times (frequency)
I go to the office twice a week.

我一周去两次公司。

我一週去兩次公司。
lần
Một tuần tôi đến công ty hai lần.
時間じかんjikan
一日いちにちichinichi三時間さんじかんsanjikan neます。
hours (duration)
I sleep three hours a day.
小时
我一天睡三个小时。
小時
我一天睡三個小時。
tiếng
Một ngày tôi ngủ ba tiếng.
にちnichi
三日みっかmikka やすyasuみます。
days (duration)
I will take three days off.

我休息三天。

我休息三天。
ngày
Tôi nghỉ ba ngày.
週間しゅうかんshuukan
二週間にしゅうかんnishuukan 日本にほんnihonに います。
weeks (duration)
I will be in Japan for two weeks.
星期
我在日本待两周。
星期
我在日本待兩週。
tuần
Tôi ở Nhật hai tuần.
〜ヶげつgetsu
さんsanげつgetsu 日本にほんnihonに います。
months (duration)
I will be in Japan for three months.
个月
我在日本待三个月。
個月
我在日本待三個月。
tháng
Tôi ở Nhật ba tháng.
ねんnen
一年いちねんichinen 日本にほんnihonに いました。
years (duration)
I was in Japan for one year.

我在日本待了一年。

我在日本待了一年。
năm
Tôi đã ở Nhật một năm.
neます
毎日まいにちmainichi 六時間ろくじかんrokujikan neます。
sleep
I sleep six hours every day.
睡觉
我每天睡六个小时。
睡覺
我每天睡六個小時。
ngủ
Mỗi ngày tôi ngủ sáu tiếng.
どのくらい
どのくらい 日本にほんnihonに いますか。
how much / how long
How long will you be in Japan?
多少 / 多久
你在日本待多久?
多少 / 多久
你在日本待多久?
bao nhiêu / bao lâu
Bạn ở Nhật bao lâu?
なんnanかいkai
一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukan何回なんかいnankai 会社かいしゃkaishaiきますか。
how many times
How many times a week do you go to the office?
几次
你一周去几次公司?
幾次
你一週去幾次公司?
mấy lần
Một tuần bạn đến công ty mấy lần?

Grammar Patterns

focus on the counter table.

N が かずkazu+助数詞じょすうしjosuushi あります/います

Specify quantity by placing the number + counter after 「が」.

助数詞じょすうしjosuushi: a counter — the word you put after a number to say what kind of thing you are counting.

期間きかんkikanかずkazu+助数詞じょすうしjosuushi + 動詞どうしdoushi

Frequency or amount per period of time. 「一日いちにちichinichi三時間さんじかんsanjikan neます」 = sleep 3 hours per day.

期間きかんkikan + 動詞どうしdoushi (no particle)

When the period is the duration of the action, no particle. 「二週間にしゅうかんnishuukan います」 = stay for 2 weeks.

どのくらい / 何回なんかいnankai / 何時間なんじかんnanjikan ...?

Ask about quantity / frequency / duration with question counters.

Grammar Picture

Counting in Japanese ── thing / person / period things (つ generic) 一つ・二つ 三つ (hitotsu, futatsu...) people (人) 一人・二人 三人 (hitori, futari, sannin) period (時間 / 日 / 週間) 一時間 一週間 (duration) — more counters: 枚 (flat), 本 (long), 台 (machine), 冊 (book) etc. — Pattern 1 — Number + counter: 写真 三枚 買います。 noun を [num+counter] verb Pattern 2 — Duration: 三時間 勉強します。 [period] verb (no particle needed) Pattern 3 — 何 + counter? = "how many ___?" 何人 · 何時間 · 何枚
  • 名詞noun名词danh từ
  • 助詞particle助词trợ từ
  • 述語sentence ending句尾句尾phần cuối câu
  • 疑問詞question word疑问词từ để hỏi

Need more detail? Open the sections below.

Counter table — choosing the right counter

Japanese has many counters. The most common ones in N5:

CounterForExample
〜つgeneral (1-10)りんごを ひとhitoつ ください
まいmai (まい)flat: paper, tickets, photos, shirts写真しゃしんshashin五枚ごまいgomai
ほんhon (ほん)long thin: pens, bottles, umbrellasペンが 二本にほんnihon
にんnin (にん)people学生がくせいgakusei三人さんにんsannin
だいdai (だい)machines / vehiclesくるまkuruma一台いちだいichidai
さつsatsu (さつ)books, magazinesほんhon二冊にさつnisatsu
〜匹 (ひき)small animalsいぬinu二匹にひきnihiki
かいkai (かい)times (frequency)一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukan二回にかいnikai
Irregular readings — 一人ひとりhitori, 二人ふたりfutari, ひとhitoつ, ふたfutaつ...

The 〜にんnin counter has irregular readings for 1 and 2:

  • 1人 = ひとり (NOT いちにん)
  • 2人 = ふたり (NOT ににん)
  • 3人 onwards = さんにん, よにん, ごにん...

The 〜つ counter has unique forms for 1-10:

ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ, よっつ, いつつ, むっつ, ななつ, やっつ, ここのつ, とお

From 11 onwards, switch to 〜こ or another specific counter.

ほんhon sound changes — ほん / ぼん / ぽん

「〜ほんhon」 changes sound depending on the number before it:

  • 1ほんhon = いっぽん (small tsu + ぽ)
  • 2ほんhon = にほん
  • 3ほんhon = さんぼん (ぼ instead of ほ)
  • 4ほんhon = よんほん
  • 5ほんhon = ごほん
  • 6ほんhon = ろっぽん
  • 10ほんhon = じゅっぽん / じっぽん

Same kind of sound changes happen with 〜かいkai, 〜匹, 〜ふんfun, 〜歩. Learn the patterns by repetition.

どのくらい vs 何回なんかいnankai vs 何時間なんじかんnanjikan

Three question words for quantities, depending on what you ask:

  • どのくらい (どのぐらい) — general: how much / how long
  • 何回なんかいnankai (なんかい) — how many times (frequency)
  • 何時間なんじかんnanjikan (なんじかん) — how many hours (duration)
  • 何日なんにちnannichi (なんにち) — how many days
  • 何週間なんしゅうかんnanshuukan (なんしゅうかん) — how many weeks

「どのくらい」 is the safe default when you are not sure which counter applies.


Roleplay Practice

try the shop scene with different items.

Try this dialog with a partner (or aloud, switching roles).

Scene: Mike at a stationery shop. He is buying materials.

Mike: すみません、 ペンを さんsanぼんbon ください。
(Excuse me, three pens please.)

Clerk: はい、 さんsanぼんbon ですね。
(Yes, three pens.)

Mike: それから、 メモを goまいmai ください。
(And five notepads, please.)

Clerk: 全部ぜんぶzenbuはっha'つですね。
(Eight items in total.)

Mike: はい、 おねがnegaいします。
(Yes, please.)

Try swapping the counter. Three apples (みっmitsuつ), two books (二冊にさつnisatsu), one umbrella (一本いっぽんippon)?


How do you say this in Japanese?

Q1. Which counter for photographs?

  • A. 〜ほんhon (ほん)
  • B. 〜まいmai (まいmai)
  • C. 〜だいdai (だい)
Show answer

✓ B. 〜まいmai

Photographs are flat — 〜まいmai is for flat objects.

Q2. How do you read 「二人ふたりfutari」?

  • A. ににん
  • B. ふたり
  • C. にひと
Show answer

✓ B. ふたり

一人ひとりhitori」 = ひとり, 「二人ふたりfutari」 = ふたり — irregular readings. From 3 onwards: さんにん, よにん, ごにん...

Q3. Which is correct: 'I drink coffee twice a day'?

  • A. 一日いちにちichinichiに コーヒーを niかいkai noみます。
  • B. 一日いちにちichinichiで コーヒーを niかいkai noみます。
  • C. 一日いちにちichinichiを コーヒーを niかいkai noみます。
Show answer

✓ A. 期間きかんkikan + 「に」 + かずkazu + 助数詞じょすうしjosuushi.

Q4. In the Mini Story, how many hours does Mike sleep per day?

  • A. 2 hours
  • B. 3 hours
  • C. 8 hours
Show answer

✓ B. 3 hours

Q5. Write: How would you say 'I read 2 books a month' in Japanese?

No right answer.

Show answer

Sample: いっiげつgetsuほんhonniさつsatsu yoみます。


How to Use This Lesson

Read the sections in the order they appear. About 40 minutes.
Tomorrow, come back — count three things around you in Japanese.

For Teachers

For Teachers (45-60 minutes in class)

  • Warm-up (5 min): Show 10 fingers. Students count 1-10 using 〜つ.
  • Counter sort (10 min): Card pictures (pen, paper, person, car). Students match the correct counter.
  • Quantity drill (10 min): Show varying numbers of items. Students name quantity + counter.
  • Frequency interview (10 min): 「一週間いっしゅうかんisshuukan何回なんかいnankai X しますか?」 Pairs interview each other on coffee, exercise, study.
  • Roleplay (15 min): Shop scene. Vary items and quantities each round.
  • Check Yourself (5-10 min): Individual quiz, group review.

Common pitfall: Students place number before particle (「コーヒー二回にかいnikaiが」). Reinforce that quantity goes after the particle: 「コーヒーを 二回にかいnikai noみます」.

Cultural note: Counters reveal a worldview — Japanese categorizes objects by shape and animacy. Learning a counter is learning to see what category an object belongs to.

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← Lesson 10 | Midnight Encounter | Lesson 12 →

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