Cinema にほんご - Midnight Noir / Episode 24

N5 Lesson 24 · Midnight Noir にほんご / Series 1 · みんなの日本語 第 24 課

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Episode 24: Favors in the Dark

No spy works alone. There are favors. There are debts. There are people who help without asking why. The grammar of giving and receiving — 「あげる」「くれる」「もらう」 — is the grammar of trust.

He needed a different camera for tonight. Not his own — too easy to trace. A friend offered without being asked.

友達ともだちtomodachiは マイクに カメラを kaして くれました。

The next day, payment of a kind. Photographs from the trip Mike took the previous week. A wedding gift, of sorts.

マイクは 友達ともだちtomodachi写真しゃしんshashintoって あげました。

And later, an unexpected gift in return — a small souvenir from his friend\’s home town.

マイクは 友達ともだちtomodachiに お土産みやげmiyagekaって もらいました。

But in the end, the missions themselves are solitary. No favors at 3 AM in an empty corridor.

スパイは ひとりで なんnanでも しなければ なりません。

→ Related chapter (Chapter 4: Cover Identity)
Available in 日本語 / English / 中文 / 繁體中文 / Tiếng Việt


Key Sentences

1. AはBに V-て くれます (A does for me/B)

友達ともだちtomodachiは マイクに カメラを kaして くれました。

  • (My) friend lent Mike a camera.
  • 朋友把相机借给了麦克。 / 朋友把相機借給了麥克。
  • Bạn (của Mike) đã cho Mike mượn máy ảnh.

2. 私はBに V-て あげます (I do for B)

マイクは 友達ともだちtomodachi写真しゃしんshashintoって あげました。

  • Mike took photos for (his) friend.
  • 麦克为朋友拍了照片。 / 麥克為朋友拍了照片。
  • Mike đã chụp ảnh cho bạn.

3. 私はAに V-て もらいます (I have A do for me)

マイクは 友達ともだちtomodachiに お土産みやげmiyagekaって もらいました。

  • Mike received a souvenir bought (by his friend).
  • 麦克让朋友给买了礼物。 / 麥克讓朋友給買了禮物。
  • Mike đã được bạn mua quà cho.

4. ひとりで しなければ なりません (must do alone)

スパイは ひとりで なんnanでも しなければ なりません。

  • A spy must do everything alone.
  • 间谍必须一个人做所有事。 / 間諜必須一個人做所有事。
  • Điệp viên phải tự mình làm mọi việc.

Vocabulary

日本語English简体繁體Tiếng Việt
V-て あげますdo for someone为…做為…做làm cho ai
V-て くれますsomeone does for me给我做給我做ai làm cho tôi
V-て もらいますhave someone do for me让…给我做讓…給我做nhờ ai làm
kaしますlend借出借出cho mượn
kaりますborrow借入借入mượn
おしoshiえますteachdạy
tsuれて iきますtake (someone) along带去帶去đưa đi
案内あんないannaiしますguide, show around引导引導hướng dẫn
土産みやげmiyagesouvenir, gift礼物禮物quà
友達ともだちtomodachifriend朋友朋友bạn
家族かぞくkazokufamily家人家人gia đình
ひとりでalone, by oneself一个人一個人một mình

Grammar Patterns

私は B に V-て あげます

I do V for B. The doer is the speaker.

A は (私に) V-て くれます

A does V for me / for our side. Speaker is the receiver.

私は A に V-て もらいます

I receive V from A / have A do V for me.

Direction of action — who acts for whom

Three perspectives on a single action: giver-out (あげる), giver-in (くれる), receiver (もらう).

Grammar Picture

I do for someone: N を V-て あげます Someone does for me: (私に) N を V-て くれます I have someone do for me: N を V-て もらいます
あげる vs くれる — the inside/outside divide

Japanese distinguishes who gets the favor:

  • あげる: giving OUT — I/we give to outsider
  • くれる: giving IN — outsider gives to me/us

Same action, different verb. 「友達に 本を あげました」 = I gave my friend a book. 「友達は 本を くれました」 = My friend gave me a book.

「うちの」 (our side: me, family, close friends) vs 「そとの」 (other side) — the line determines verb choice.

もらう vs くれる — both involve me receiving

Both end with me receiving, but the focus differs:

  • くれる: focus on the giver as subject. 「A は 私に 本を くれました。」
  • もらう: focus on me as the subject. 「私は A に 本を もらいました。」

「もらう」 also implies you ASKED for the favor or arranged it. 「くれる」 is more spontaneous gift.

Politer forms — honorific giving / receiving

For superiors and formal contexts, replace with humble or honorific forms (introduced later):

  • あげる → さしあげる (humble)
  • くれる → くださる (honorific)
  • もらう → いただく (humble)

For now, the basic forms あげる / くれる / もらう work for peers and friends.


Roleplay Practice

Scene: Mike thanks a friend for a favor.

Mike: カメラを kaして くれました。 ありがとう。
(Thank you for lending me the camera.)

Friend: いつでも どうぞ。 写真しゃしんshashinは どうでしたか?
(Any time. How were the photos?)

Mike: よく toれました。 お土産みやげmiyagekaって もらいました。 ありがとう。
(They came out well. And thank you for buying me the souvenir too.)

Friend: いいえ、 kiに しないで ください。
(No, do not worry about it.)


How do you say this in Japanese?


How to Use This Lesson

For Self-Study (45 minutes)

  1. Read Grammar Patterns (5 min) — note the three directions of favor.
  2. Practice Key Sentences (10 min).
  3. Learn Vocabulary (10 min).
  4. Read Mini Story (5 min).
  5. Roleplay (10 min).
  6. Review tomorrow — list 3 favors recently given and 3 received.
Check Yourself (click to expand)
Q1. Which means ‘My friend taught me Japanese’?
  • A. 友達ともだちtomodachi日本語にほんごnihongoおしoshiえて くれました。
  • B. 友達ともだちtomodachi日本語にほんごnihongoおしoshiえて あげました。
  • C. 友達ともだちtomodachi日本語にほんごnihongoおしoshiえました。
Show answer

✓ A. Friend (other side) did the favor for me (my side). Use 「くれる」.

Q2. Which means ‘I took a photo for my friend’?
  • A. 友達ともだちtomodachi写真しゃしんshashintoって くれました。
  • B. 友達ともだちtomodachi写真しゃしんshashintoって あげました。
  • C. 友達ともだちtomodachi写真しゃしんshashintoって もらいました。
Show answer

✓ B. I (my side) did the favor for friend. Use 「あげる」.

Q3. 「もらう」 implies:
  • A. you gave
  • B. you received (often by asking)
  • C. someone else received
Show answer

✓ B.

Q4. In the Mini Story, what did Mike receive from his friend?
  • A. A camera and a お土産みやげmiyage
  • B. 写真しゃしんshashin
  • C. 仕事しごとshigoto
Show answer

✓ A. The friend lent a camera (くれる) and Mike was given a souvenir (もらう).

Q5. Write: One thing someone has done for you recently.

Try 「___さんは 〜て くれました」.

Show answer

Sample: 友達ともだちtomodachiは コーヒーを kaって くれました。 (My friend bought coffee for me.)

For Teachers (click to expand)

For Teachers (45-60 minutes in class)

  • Warm-up (5 min): Each student names one favor received this week.
  • Direction drill (15 min): Same action — switch perspective between あげる/くれる/もらう.
  • Inside/outside drill (10 min): Picture cards of family / strangers. Practice when 「くれる」 vs 「あげる」.
  • Gratitude practice (10 min): Students thank each other for imagined favors.
  • Roleplay (15 min): Travel guide / homestay scene.
  • Check Yourself (5-10 min).

Cultural note: Japanese tracks “in-group” carefully. Family / close friends are 「うち」, others are 「そと」. The verb choice signals the relationship. Mastering this divide is mastering politeness.


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